Anal Cancer

Anal cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the anus, the opening at the end of the digestive tract. The most common type of anal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which develops in the cells lining the anus. Risk factors for anal cancer include a history of sexually transmitted infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, and a weakened immune system. Symptoms of anal cancer can include bleeding, pain, itching, discharge, and changes in bowel habits. Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and the choice of treatment depends on the stage and location of the cancer. Prevention measures include practicing safe sex and getting vaccinated against HPV. Early detection and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life for people with anal cancer.